OWASP Internet of Things Project

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Get Involved!
The OWASP IoT Project is currently reviewing the Top Ten list for 2018. Provide your insight and expertise by joining the #iot-security channel meetups on Slack.

OWASP Internet of Things (IoT) Project
Oxford defines the Internet of Things as: “A proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data.”

The OWASP Internet of Things Project is designed to help manufacturers, developers, and consumers better understand the security issues associated with the Internet of Things, and to enable users in any context to make better security decisions when building, deploying, or assessing IoT technologies.

The project looks to define a structure for various IoT sub-projects such as Attack Surface Areas, Testing Guides and Top Vulnerabilities.

Licensing
The OWASP Internet of Things Project is free to use. It is licensed under the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license], so you can copy, distribute and transmit the work, and you can adapt it, and use it commercially, but all provided that you attribute the work and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.


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What is the OWASP Internet of Things Project?
The OWASP Internet of Things Project provides information on:


 * IoT Attack Surface Areas
 * IoT Vulnerabilities
 * Firmware Analysis
 * ICS/SCADA Software Weaknesses
 * Community Information
 * IoT Testing Guides
 * IoT Security Guidance
 * Principles of IoT Security
 * IoT Framework Assessment
 * Developer, Consumer and Manufacturer Guidance
 * Design Principles

Project Leaders

 * Daniel Miessler
 * Craig Smith

Contributors

 * Justin Klein Keane
 * Saša Zdjelar

Related Projects

 * OWASP Project Repository
 * OWASP Mobile Security
 * OWASP Web Top 10
 * OWASP Embedded Application Security
 * OWASP C-based Toolchain Hardening


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Collaboration
The OWASP Slack Channel

Hint: If you're new to Slack, join OWASP's slack channel first, then join #iot-security within OWASP's channel.

Quick Download
OWASP IoT 2018 Planning Session

Quick discussion on IoT

IoT Attack Surface Mapping DEFCON 23

IoT Testing Guidance Handout

OWASP IoT Top Ten PDF

OWASP IoT Top Ten Infographic

OWASP IoT Top Ten PPT

OWASP IoT Top Ten-RSA 2015

OWASP IoT Project Overview

News and Events

 * OWASP IoT 2018 Planning Session
 * Added a Slack channel
 * Added a sub-project; IoT Security Policy Project
 * Daniel Miessler gave his IoT talk at DEFCON 23
 * Migrating the IoT Top Ten to be under the IoT Project
 * HP Study Reveals 70 Percent of Internet of Things Devices Vulnerable to Attack

Classifications

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= IoT Top 10 = 

Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 2018
The OWASP IoT Project is currently reviewing the Top Ten list for 2018. The official launch date is December 2018. Provide your insight and expertise by joining the #iot-security channel meetups on Slack. Use of easily bruteforced, publicly available, or unchangeable credentials, including backdoors in firmware or client software that grants unauthorized access to deployed systems. Unneeded or insecure network services running on the device itself, especially those exposed to the internet, that compromise the confidentiality, integrity/authenticity, or availability of information or allow unauthorized remote control. Insecure web, backend API, cloud, or mobile interfaces in the ecosystem outside of the device that allows compromise of the device or its related components. Common issues include a lack of authentication/authorization, lacking or weak encryption, and a lack of input and output filtering. Lack of ability to securely update the device or ecosystem. This includes lack of firmware validation on device, lack of secure delivery (un-encrypted in transit), lack of anti-rollback mechanisms, lack of notifications of security changes due to updates. Use of deprecated and insecure software components/libraries that could allow the device to be compromised. Including insecure customization of operating systems, and the use of third-party software or hardware components from a compromised supply chain. User's personal information stored on the device or in the ecosystem that is used insecurely, improperly, or without permission. Lack of encryption or access control of sensitive data anywhere within the ecosystem, including at rest, in transit, or during processing. Lack of security support on existing devices deployed in production, including asset management, update management, and secure decommissioning. Devices or systems that are shipped with insecure default settings or lack the capability to make the system more secure. Lack of physical hardening measures, allowing potential attackers to gain sensitive information that can help in a future remote attack or take local control of the device.
 * I1 Weak Guessable, or Hardcoded Passwords
 * I2 Insecure Network Services
 * I3 Insecure Ecosystem Interfaces
 * I4 Lack of Secure Update Mechanism
 * I5 Use of Insecure or Outdated Components
 * I6 Insufficient Privacy Protection
 * I7 Insecure Data Transfer and Storage
 * I8 Lack of Device Management
 * I9 Insecure Default Settings
 * I10 Lack of Physical Hardening

Internet of Things (IoT) Top 10 2014

 * I1 Insecure Web Interface
 * I2 Insufficient Authentication/Authorization
 * I3 Insecure Network Services
 * I4 Lack of Transport Encryption
 * I5 Privacy Concerns
 * I6 Insecure Cloud Interface
 * I7 Insecure Mobile Interface
 * I8 Insufficient Security Configurability
 * I9 Insecure Software/Firmware
 * I10 Poor Physical Security

= IoT Attack Surface Areas =



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IoT Attack Surface Areas Project
The OWASP IoT Attack Surface Areas (DRAFT) are as follows:


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What is the IoT Attack Surface Areas Project?
The IoT Attack Surface Areas Project provides a list of attack surfaces that should be understood by manufacturers, developers, security researchers, and those looking to deploy or implement IoT technologies within their organizations.

Project Leaders

 * Daniel Miessler
 * Craig Smith

Related Projects

 * The OWASP Mobile Top 10 Project
 * The OWASP Web Top 10 Project

Collaboration
The Slack Channel

Quick Download

 * Coming Soon

News and Events

 * Coming Soon


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= IoT Vulnerabilities =



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IoT Vulnerabilities Project

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What is the IoT Vulnerabilities Project?
The IoT Vulnerabilities Project provides:


 * Information on the top IoT vulnerabilities
 * The attack surface associated with the vulnerability
 * A summary of the vulnerability

Project Leaders

 * Daniel Miessler
 * Craig Smith

Related Projects

 * OWASP Mobile Security
 * OWASP Web Top 10

Collaboration
The Slack Channel

Resources

 * Top 10 IoT Vulnerabilities from 2014

News and Events

 * Coming Soon


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= Medical Devices =



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Medical Device Testing
The Medical Device Testing project is intended to provide some basic attack surface considerations that should be evaluated before shipping Medical Device equipment.


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What is the Medical Attack Surfaces project?
The Medical Attack Surfaces project provides:


 * A simple way for testers, manufacturers, developers, and users to get an understanding of the complexity of a modern medical environment
 * Allows people to visualize the numerous attack surfaces that need to be defended within medical equipment ecosystems

Project Leaders

 * Daniel Miessler

Related Projects

 * OWASP Mobile Security
 * OWASP Web Top 10

Collaboration
The Slack Channel

Resources

 * IoT Firmware Analysis Primer
 * Online Trust Alliance - Internet of Things
 * Pre-compiled QEMU images
 * Firmware Modification Kit
 * Short Firmware Extraction Video
 * Firmware Emulation with QEMU
 * File Extraction from Network Capture

News and Events

 * Daniel Miessler presented on using Adaptive Testing Methodologies to evaluate the security of medical devices at RSA 2017.


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= Firmware Analysis =



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Firmware Analysis Project
The Firmware Analysis Project is intended to provide security testing guidance for the IoT Attack Surface "Device Firmware":


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What is the Firmware Analysis Project?
The Firmware Analysis Project provides:


 * Security testing guidance for vulnerabilities in the "Device Firmware" attack surface
 * Steps for extracting file systems from various firmware files
 * Guidance on searching a file systems for sensitive of interesting data
 * Information on static analysis of firmware contents
 * Information on dynamic analysis of emulated services (e.g. web admin interface)
 * Testing tool links
 * A site for pulling together existing information on firmware analysis

Project Leaders

 * Craig Smith

Related Projects

 * OWASP Mobile Security
 * OWASP Web Top 10
 * OWASP Embedded Application Security Project

Collaboration
The Slack Channel

Resources

 * IoT Firmware Analysis Primer
 * Online Trust Alliance - Internet of Things
 * Pre-compiled QEMU images
 * Firmware Modification Kit
 * Short Firmware Extraction Video
 * Firmware Emulation with QEMU
 * File Extraction from Network Capture

News and Events

 * Coming Soon


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= IoT Event Logging Project=



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IoT Logging Events
This is a working draft of the recommended minimum IoT Device logging events. This includes many  different types of devices, including consumer IoT, enterprise IoT, and ICS/SCADA type devices.


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What is the IoT Security Logging Project?
The IoT Secure Logging Project provides a list of core events that should be logged in any IoT-related system. The project exists because IoT systems in general are not logging nearly enough events to constitute input for a solid detection and response program around IoT devices, and for companies that want to do this there are not many good resources for what should be logged.

Project Leaders

 * Daniel Miessler

Related Projects

 * The OWASP AppSensor Project

Collaboration
The Slack Channel

Quick Download

 * Coming Soon

News and Events

 * Coming Soon


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= ICS/SCADA =



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ICS/SCADA Project
The OWASP ICS/SCADA Top 10 software weaknesses are as follows:


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What is the ICS/SCADA Project?
The ICS/SCADA Project provides:


 * A list of the Top 10 most dangerous software weaknesses

Project Leaders

 * NJ Ouchn

Related Projects

 * OWASP Mobile Security
 * OWASP Web Top 10

Collaboration
The Slack Channel

Quick Download

 * Coming Soon

News and Events

 * Coming Soon


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= Community =

I Am The Cavalry

A global grassroots organization that is focused on issues where computer security intersects public safety and human life.

Their areas of focus include:
 * Medical devices
 * Automobiles
 * Home Electronics
 * Public Infrastructure

Online Trust Alliance

Formed as an informal industry working group in 2005, today OTA is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) approved 501c3 charitable organization with the mission to enhance online trust and empower users, while promoting innovation and the vitality of the internet. OTA is global organization supported by over 100 organizations headquartered in Bellevue, Washington with offices in Washington DC.

Addressing the mounting concerns, in January 2015 the Online Trust Alliance, established the IoT Trustworthy Working Group (ITWG), a multi-stakeholder initiative. The group recognizes “security and privacy by design” must be a priority from the onset of product development and be addressed holistically. The framework focuses on privacy, security sustainability. The sustainability pillar is critical as it looks at the life-cycle issues related to long- term supportability and transfers of ownership of devices and the data collected.

AllSeen Alliance

The AllSeen Alliance is a Linux Foundation collaborative project. They're a cross-industry consortium dedicated to enabling the interoperability of billions of devices, services and apps that comprise the Internet of Things. The Alliance supports the AllJoyn Framework, an open source software framework that makes it easy for devices and apps to discover and communicate with each other. Developers can write applications for interoperability regardless of transport layer, manufacturer, and without the need for Internet access. The software has been and will continue to be openly available for developers to download, and runs on popular platforms such as Linux and Linux-based Android, iOS, and Windows, including many other lightweight real-time operating systems.

The Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)

The Industrial Internet Consortium is the open membership, international not-for-profit consortium that is setting the architectural framework and direction for the Industrial Internet. Founded by AT&T, Cisco, GE, IBM and Intel in March 2014, the consortium’s mission is to coordinate vast ecosystem initiatives to connect and integrate objects with people, processes and data using common architectures, interoperability and open standards.

Securing Smart Cities

Securing Smart Cities is a not-for-profit global initiative that aims to solve the existing and future cybersecurity problems of smart cities through collaboration between companies, governments, media outlets, other not-for-profit initiatives and individuals across the world.

Talks
RSA Conference San Francisco Securing the Internet of Things: Mapping IoT Attack Surface Areas with the OWASP IoT Top 10 Project Daniel Miessler, Practice Principal April 21, 2015 --- Defcon 23 IoT Attack Surface Mapping Daniel Miessler August 6-9, 2015

Podcasts

 * The Internet of Things Podcast
 * IoT Inc
 * IoT This Week
 * Farstuff: The Internet of Things Podcast

IoT Conferences

 * Internet of Things Events

Conference Call for Papers
 * WikiCFP - Internet of Things
 * WikiCFP - IoT

=Project About=