JIT prevents short overflow (and PeVerify doesn't catch it)

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using System;

namespace Owasp {   class byteStackSize {       public static void Main {           int iInt = 0xffff; short sShort = 0xff; byte bByte = 0x12; short sShort2 = 0xBB; sShort++; Console.WriteLine(sShort.ToString); sShort = 0xAAA; Console.WriteLine("Values: " + iInt.ToString + " - " + sShort.ToString + " - " + bByte + " - " + sShort2); }   } }

I compiled and edited the IL so that I assigned 0xAAAAA to sShort:

before: IL_0026: ldc.i4     0xaaa IL_002b: stloc.1

after

IL_0026: ldc.i4     0xaaaaa IL_002b: stloc.1

Reflector will confirm that the change was successfully ILASMed:

public static void Main {     int num1 = 0xffff; short num2 = 0xff; byte num3 = 0x12; short num4 = 0xbb; num2 = (short) (num2 + 1); Console.WriteLine(num2.ToString); num2 = 0xaaaaa; object[] objArray1 = new object[] { "Values: ", num1.ToString, " - ", num2.ToString, " - ", num3, " - ", num4 } ; Console.WriteLine(string.Concat(objArray1)); }

but if we look at the actual Assembly code that is created by the JIT we will see that it is clever and doesn't overflow the sShort with my value (note: a short's maximum value is 0xffff):

; end of prologue ; IL_0000: ldc.i4 0x0000FFFF ; IL_0005: stloc.0 0x6D5249A: C745FCFFFF0000 MOV     DWORD PTR [EBP-0x4],0xFFFF   ; VAR:0x4 ; IL_0006: ldc.i4 0x000000FF ; IL_000B: stloc.1 ; IL_000C: ldc.i4.s 0x12 ; IL_000E: stloc.2 ; IL_000F: ldc.i4 0x000000BB ; IL_0014: stloc.3 0x6D524A1: C745F8FF000000 MOV     DWORD PTR [EBP-0x8],0xFF     ; VAR:0x8 ; IL_0015: ldloc.1 ; IL_0016: ldc.i4.1 ; IL_0017: add ; IL_0018: conv.i2 ; IL_0019: stloc.1 0x6D524A8: 0FBF45F8      MOVSX    EAX,WORD PTR [EBP-0x8]       ; VAR:0x8 0x6D524AC: 40            INC      EAX 0x6D524AD: 668945F8      MOV      WORD PTR [EBP-0x8],AX        ; VAR:0x8 ; IL_001A: ldloca.s 0x01 ; IL_001C: call System.Int16::ToString ; IL_0021: call System.Console::WriteLine 0x6D524B1: 6A00          PUSH     0x0 0x6D524B3: 8D4DF8        LEA      ECX,DWORD PTR [EBP-0x8]      ; VAR:0x8 0x6D524B6: 33D2          XOR      EDX,EDX 0x6D524B8: FF15C42CD606  CALL     DWORD PTR [0x6D62CC4] 0x6D524BE: 8B0D2C20B705  MOV      ECX,DWORD PTR [0x5B7202C] 0x6D524C4: 8BD0          MOV      EDX,EAX 0x6D524C6: 8B01          MOV      EAX,DWORD PTR [ECX] 0x6D524C8: FF90D8000000  CALL     DWORD PTR [EAX+0xD8] ; IL_0026: ldc.i4 0x000AAAAA ; IL_002B: stloc.1 0x6D524CE: C745F8AAAAFFFF MOV     DWORD PTR [EBP-0x8],0xFFFFAAAA; VAR:0x8

What is very interesting is that PeVerify doesn't catch this, which I would expected it to do.

So here is a good example of the CLR and the JIT doing the right thing and enforcing type safety.

Note that in the real stack (i.e. the unmanaged one) the types byte, short and int are 32 bits long, where in the managed stack they are 1 element:

''Ã¢ÂÂ...It is important to realize that the stack of the execution engine is a logical stack. The slements of the stack are not any particular size, such as 32 bits, or 64 bits (On the JVM, stack elements are 32 bits, and pushing a long makes the stack deeper by 2!). Thus each element of the stack may be one of the primitive types, or a reference,or even the value of a whole stuctÃ¢ÂÂ... page 26 of Compiling for the .Net Common Language Runtime (CLR)"''