Integrity

Data and system integrity is one of the primary goals of security, which is why we see it reflected in the common litany of C-I-A (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability). Within the STRIDE threat modeling approach, tampering directly attacks information integrity and controls preventing spoofing and repudiation support integrity requirements.

Data integrity controls guard against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensuring information non-repudiation and authenticity.

U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-53 includes the following controls that address integrity and may be directly reflected within software implementations:
 * Tamper resistance and detection (SA-18)
 * Transmission confidentiality and integrity (SC-8)
 * Protection of information at rest (SC-28)
 * Software, firmware and information integrity (SI-7)
 * Information input validation (SI-10)
 * Memory protection (SI-16)

Accuracy of data processing and transmissions is a critical business requirement, both for decision support processes and for regulatory compliance reasons (Sarbanes-Oxley).

ISO 27001:2013 includes controls related to correct processing within applications in the System acquisition, development and maintenance group.


 * 1) Hernan, S., Lambert, S., Ostwald, T., and Shostack, A. Uncover Security Design Flaws Using the STRIDE Approach. MSDN Magazine.  Microsoft.  (2006). https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163519.aspx
 * 2) Joint Task Force Transformation Initiative. Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations. Special Publication 800-53 revision 4. (2013) U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-53r4
 * 3) ISO/IEC 27001:2013. Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001:2013 on 25 May 2015.